Bibcode
Athanassoula, E.; Martinez-Valpuesta, I.
Bibliographical reference
Chaos in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Volume . ISBN 978-3-540-75825-9. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009, p. 77
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2009
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Refereed citations
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Description
We discuss the formation and evolution of boxy/peanut bulges (B/Ps) and
present new simulations results. Orbital structure studies show that
B/Ps are parts of bars seen edge-on, they have their origin in vertical
instabilities of the disc material and they are somewhat shorter in
extent than bars. When the bar forms it is vertically thin, but after a
time of the order of a Gyr it experiences a vertical instability and
buckles. At that time the strength of the bar decreases, its inner part
becomes thicker, so that, seen edge-on, it acquires a peanut or boxy
shape. A second buckling episode is seen in simulations with strong
bars, accompanied by a further thickening of the B/P and a weakening of
the bar. Quantitatively, this evolution depends considerably on the
properties of the halo and particularly on the extent of its core. This
influences the amount of angular momentum exchanged within the galaxy,
emitted by near-resonant material in the bar region and absorbed by
near-resonant material in the halo and in the outer disc. Haloes with
small cores generally harbour stronger bars and B/Ps and they often
witness double buckling.