Bibcode
Kosiarek, M. R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Livingston, John H.; Benneke, Björn; Henry, Gregory W.; Howard, Ward S.; Berardo, David; Blunt, Sarah; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Petigura, Erik A.; Sinukoff, Evan; Weiss, Lauren; Bonfils, X.; Dressing, Courtney D.; Knutson, Heather A.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Werner, Michael; Gorjian, Varoujan; Krick, Jessica; Morales, Farisa Y.; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Almenara, J.-M.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Lovis, C.; Mayor, M.; Murgas, F.; Pepe, F.; Santos, N. C.; Udry, S.; Corbett, H. T.; Fors, Octavi; Law, Nicholas M.; Ratzloff, Jeffrey K.; del Ser, Daniel
Bibliographical reference
The Astronomical Journal, Volume 157, Issue 3, article id. 97, 13 pp. (2019).
Advertised on:
3
2019
Citations
46
Refereed citations
42
Description
We report improved masses, radii, and densities for four planets in two
bright M-dwarf systems, K2-3 and GJ3470, derived from a combination of
new radial velocity and transit observations. Supplementing K2
photometry with follow-up Spitzer transit observations refined the
transit ephemerides of K2-3 b, c, and d by over a factor of 10. We
analyze ground-based photometry from the Evryscope and Fairborn
Observatory to determine the characteristic stellar activity timescales
for our Gaussian Process fit, including the stellar rotation period and
activity region decay timescale. The stellar rotation signals for both
stars are evident in the radial velocity data and is included in our fit
using a Gaussian process trained on the photometry. We find the masses
of K2-3 b, K2-3 c, and GJ3470 b to be
6.48{}-0.93+0.99,
2.14{}-1.04+1.08, and
12.58{}-1.28+1.31 M ⊕,
respectively. K2-3 d was not significantly detected and has a 3σ
upper limit of 2.80 M ⊕. These two systems are training
cases for future TESS systems; due to the low planet densities (ρ
< 3.7 g cm‑3) and bright host stars (K < 9 mag),
they are among the best candidates for transmission spectroscopy in
order to characterize the atmospheric compositions of small planets.
Related projects
Exoplanets and Astrobiology
The search for life in the universe has been driven by recent discoveries of planets around other stars (known as exoplanets), becoming one of the most active fields in modern astrophysics. The growing number of new exoplanets discovered in recent years and the recent advance on the study of their atmospheres are not only providing new valuable
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