The Carina Project. X. On the Kinematics of Old and Intermediate-age Stellar Populations1,2

Fabrizio, M.; Bono, G.; Nonino, M.; Łokas, E. L.; Ferraro, I.; Iannicola, G.; Buonanno, R.; Cassisi, S.; Coppola, G.; Dall’Ora, M.; Gilmozzi, R.; Marconi, M.; Monelli, M.; Romaniello, M.; Stetson, P. B.; Thévenin, F.; Walker, A. R.
Bibliographical reference

The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 830, Issue 2, article id. 126, 17 pp. (2016).

Advertised on:
10
2016
Number of authors
17
IAC number of authors
1
Citations
26
Refereed citations
23
Description
We present new radial velocity (RV) measurements of old (horizontal branch) and intermediate-age (red clump) stellar tracers in the Carina dwarf spheroidal. They are based on more than 2200 low-resolution spectra collected with VIMOS at Very Large Telescope (VLT). The targets are faint (20 ≲ V ≲ 21.5 mag), but the accuracy at the faintest limit is ≤9 km s‑1. These data were complemented with RV measurements either based on spectra collected with FORS2 and FLAMES/GIRAFFE at VLT or available in the literature. We ended up with a sample of 2748 stars and among them, 1389 are candidate Carina stars. We found that the intermediate-age stellar component shows a well-defined rotational pattern around the minor axis. The western and the eastern side of the galaxy differ by +5 and ‑4 km s‑1 when compared with the main RV peak. The old stellar component is characterized by a larger RV dispersion and does not show evidence of the RV pattern. We compared the observed RV distribution with N-body simulations for a former disky dwarf galaxy orbiting a giant Milky Way–like galaxy. We rotated the simulated galaxy by 60° with respect to the major axis, we kept the observer on the orbital plane of the dwarf and extracted a sample of stars similar to the observed one. Observed and predicted {V}{rot}/σ ratios across the central regions are in remarkable agreement. This evidence indicates that Carina was a disky dwarf galaxy that experienced several strong tidal interactions with the Milky Way. Owing to these interactions, Carina transformed from a disky to a prolate spheroid and the rotational velocity transformed into random motions.