Bibcode
Tapia, T.; Eliche-Moral, M. Carmen; Querejeta, Miguel; Balcells, M.; González-García, A. C.; Prieto, M.; Aguerri, J. A. L.; Gallego, Jesús; Zamorano, Jaime; Rodríguez-Pérez, Cristina; Borlaff, Alejandro
Bibliographical reference
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A31, 19 pp.
Advertised on:
5
2014
Journal
Citations
27
Refereed citations
27
Description
Context. Numerical studies have shown that the properties of the S0
galaxies with kinematics intermediate between fast and slow rotators are
difficult to explain by a scenario of major mergers. Aims: We
investigate whether the smoother perturbation induced by minor mergers
can reproduce these systems. Methods: We analysed collisionless
N-body simulations of intermediate and minor dry mergers onto S0s to
determine the structural and kinematic evolution induced by the
encounters. The original primary galaxies represent gas-poor
fast-rotator S0b and S0c galaxies with high intrinsic ellipticities. The
original bulges are intrinsically spherical and have low rotation.
Different mass ratios, parent bulges, density ratios, and orbits were
studied. Results: Minor mergers induce a lower decrease of the
global rotational support (as provided by λe) than
encounters of lower mass ratios, which results in S0s with properties
intermediate between fast and slow rotators. The resulting remnants are
intrinsically more triaxial, less flattened, and span the whole range of
apparent ellipticities up to ɛe ~ 0.8. They do not
show lower apparent ellipticities in random projections than initially;
on the contrary, the formation of oval distortions and the disc
thickening increase the percentage of projections at 0.4 <ɛe < 0.7. In the experiments with S0b progenitor
galaxies, minor mergers tend to spin up the bulge and to slightly
decrease its intrinsic ellipticity, whereas in the cases of primary S0c
galaxies they keep the rotational support of the bulge nearly constant
and significantly decrease its intrinsic ellipticity. The remnant bulges
remain nearly spherical (B/A ~ C/A> 0.9), but exhibit a wide range of
triaxialities (0.20 < T < 1.00). In the plane of global anisotropy
of velocities (δ) vs. intrinsic ellipticity
(ɛe,intr), some of our models extend the linear trend
found in previous major merger simulations towards higher
ɛe,intr values, while others clearly depart from it
(depending on the progenitor S0). This is consistent with the wide
dispersion exhibited by real S0s in this diagram compared with
ellipticals, which follow the linear trend drawn by major merger
simulations. Conclusions: The smoother changes induced by minor
mergers can explain the existence of S0s with intermediate kinematic
properties between fast and slow rotators that are difficult to explain
with major mergers. The different trends exhibited by ellipticals and S0
galaxies in the δ - ɛe diagram may be pointing
to the different role played by major mergers in the build-up of each
morphological type.
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