We present fully sampled high angular resolution two-dimensional kinematics in the Hα spectral line, optical and near-infrared imaging, as well as 21 cm atomic hydrogen data of the spiral galaxy NGC 278. This is a small non-barred galaxy, which has a bright star forming inner region of about 2 kpc in diameter, reminiscent of nuclear rings seen mainly in barred galaxies. The Hα kinematics show a disturbed velocity field, which may be partly the result of spiral density wave streaming motions. The 21 cm data trace the atomic hydrogen well outside the optical disk. The H I is not abundant but clearly shows disturbed morphology and kinematics. We postulate that the current structure of NGC 278 is a result of a recent interaction with a small gas-rich galaxy, which is now dispersed into the outer disk of NGC 278. Non-axisymmetries set up in the disk by this minor merger may well be the cause of the intense star formation in the inner region, which can be interpreted as a rare example of a nuclear ring in a non-barred galaxy. Rather than being induced by a bar, this nuclear ring would then be the direct result of an interaction event in the recent history of the galaxy.