Bibcode
Corradi, R. L. M.; Sánchez-Blázquez, P.; Mellema, G.; Giammanco, C.; Schwarz, H. E.
Bibliographical reference
Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.417, p.637-646 (2004)
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4
2004
Journal
Citations
66
Refereed citations
55
Description
We present a search for rings or arcs in the haloes of planetary nebulae
(PNe). We discovered such structures in eight PNe, tripling the sample
of PNe with known rings. This shows that, contrary to what was believed
to date, the occurrence of mass loss fluctuations with timescales of
102-103 yrs at the end of the asymptotic giant
branch phase (AGB) is common. We estimate a lower limit of the
occurrence rate of rings in PN haloes to be ˜35%. Using these new
detections and the cases previously known, we discuss the statistical
properties of ring systems in PNe haloes. We estimate that the mass
modulation producing the rings takes place during the last 10 000 or 20
000 yrs of AGB evolution. In PNe, the spacing between rings ranges from
<0.01 pc to 0.06 pc, significantly larger than those seen in
proto-PNe. This, together with the finding of a possible positive
correlation of spacing with the post-AGB age of the nebulae, suggests
that the spacing of the rings increases with time. These properties, as
well as the modest surface brightness amplitudes of rings, are
consistent with the predictions of the dust-driven wind instability
model explored by Meijerink et al. (cite{Me03}), but do not immediately
exclude other proposed models.
Based on observations obtained at: the 2.5 INT telescope of the Isaac
Newton Group and the 2.6 m NOT telescope operated by NOTSA in the
Spanish Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos of the Instituto de
Astrofísica de Canarias; the 3.5 m NTT and the 2.2 MPG/ESO at the
European Southern Observatory in Chile; and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space
Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is
operated by AURA for NASA under contract NAS5-26555.