Recent discoveries of copious amounts of dust in quiescent galaxies (QGs) at high redshifts (z ≳ 1 ‑ 2) challenge the conventional view that these objects have a negligible interstellar medium (ISM) in proportion to their stellar mass. We made use of the SIMBA hydrodynamic cosmological simulation to explore how dust and cold gas evolve in QGs and

The detection of primordial B modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) could provide information about the early stages of the Universe's evolution. The faintness of this signal requires exquisite calibration accuracy and control of instrumental systematic effects which otherwise could bias the measurements. In this work, we study the impact

Star formation estimates based on the counting of young stellar objects (YSOs) are commonly carried out for nearby star-forming regions in the Galaxy, and in principle could be extended to any star-forming region where direct star counts are possible. With this method, the SFRs are measured using the counts of YSOs in a particular class, a typical