Bibcode
DOI
Beckman, J. E.
Bibliographical reference
Nature, Volume 246, Issue 5433, pp. 411-412 (1973).
Advertised on:
12
1973
Journal
Citations
0
Refereed citations
0
Description
IN the course of taking submillimetre chromospheric data from Concorde
001 during the eclipse of June 30 (ref. 1), it proved possible to record
information on the visual thickness of the chromosphere which is
accurate enough to merit reporting. During an eclipse viewed
conventionally from a stationary site on the ground, the precise time at
which the solar photosphere reappears after totality, termed third
contact, may be predicted to within 0.5 s (of time), given an adequate
knowledge of the lunar limb topography, that is, to within 1 km in
height at the appropriate point on the limb. Further, photometric
measurements in white light could determine this time to within 0.3 s.
It may also be possible from the ground, under ideal observing
conditions, to see and measure emission from the chromosphere which
should be visible in isolation for around 3 s, just prior to third
contact. The predominant radiation seen during this time is that of the
first line of the Balmer series, Hα, at 6,563 Å which
accounts for the traditional description of the phenomenon as the `red
flash'. It should be possible, after taking into account atmospheric
scattering and diffraction effects, to measure the duration of this to
within 0.5 s, though measurements of this type are not typically
considered sufficiently accurate to be worth taking, when, for example,
the flash spectrum of the chromosphere is also available2.
Although various observers3,4 have studied the chromosphere
spectrally in emission during eclipse, both just after second contact
and just before third contact, inaccuracies in our knowledge of the
precise orientation of the Moon and its topography have made absolute
heights above the photosphere very difficult to measure to better than
300 km, although relative heights may be estimated to within 100 km
under ideal seeing conditions. Similar restrictions due to seeing apply
to estimates based on Hα filtergrams taken outside eclipse
conditions5.