Discovery of the true nature of the halo of the Galaxy has long been limited by the number of stars with available spectroscopy and photometry. This constraint will soon be lifted. While undertaking a thorough spectroscopic follow-up of ~ 1,000,000 extragalactic sources, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will ALSO obtain spectra of as many as ~

The Hubble constant can be measured from the time delay between pairs of components of a multiply-imaged quasar, depending only on the mass model and the distances to the lens and background source. For a well-determined lens model, H_0 is implicitly related to the observable parameters by H_0 propto sigma_nu^2 Delta tau^{-1}, where sigma_nu is a

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The amplitudes of the Evershed flow are measured using pairs of carefully selected Fe i and Fe ii spectral lines that are close in wavelength and registered simultaneously. A sunspot belonging to the NOAA 11582 group was scanned using the spectrograph of the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife). Velocities were extracted

The inner Galactic bulge has, until recently, been avoided in chemical evolution studies because of extreme extinction and stellar crowding. Large, near-IR spectroscopic surveys, such as the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), for the first time allow the measurement of metallicities in the inner region of our Galaxy

Recently, models for Advection Dominated Accretion Flow (ADAF) have been shown to explain many of the quiescent properties of the X-ray and optical emission from black hole soft X-ray transients (BH SXT) (Narayan, McClintock and Yi 1996 ApJ 457, 821; Narayan, Barret and McClintock 1996, submitted to ApJ). One novel feature of the ADAF model is that