The equilibrium configuration of very small magnetic flux tubes in an intergranular environment automatically produces kilogauss magnetic field strengths. We argue that such a process takes place in the Sun and complements the convective collapse (CC), which is traditionally invoked to explain the formation of kilogauss magnetic concentrations in

We present relations between thermal and magnetic quantities in a simple, isolated sunspot, as deduced from the inversion of 1.56 μm spectropolarimetric data. We used a combination of two infrared Fe I lines at 15 648.5 Å and 15 652.8 Å/ in the inversions. Due to the high Zeeman sensitivity of these lines, we can study this relationship in the

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In the analysis of thermal infrared data of asteroids by means of thermophysical models (TPMs) it is a common practice to neglect the uncertainty of the shape model and the rotational state, which are taken as an input for the model. Here, we present a novel method of investigating the importance of the shape model and the pole orientation

Thick disks are faint and extended stellar components found around several disk galaxies including our Milky Way. The Milky Way thick disk, the only one studied in detail, contains mostly old disk stars (≈10 Gyr), so that thick disks are likely to trace the early stages of disk evolution. Previous detections of thick disk stellar light in external

We present time-resolved optical spectroscopy and photometry of three new relatively bright (V˜14.0-15.5) long-period cataclysmic variables discovered in the Hamburg Quasar Survey: HS 0139+0559, HS 0229+8016 and HS 0506+7725. The orbital periods, 243.2±0.4 min, 233±1 min and 212.6±0.1 min, are determined from radial velocity studies. The light