We characterize the atmosphere of the iconic giant planet HD209458 b based on a joint modeling effort of the available observations. HD 209458 b is the first planet with a reported detection of a chemical species in its atmosphere, namely Na I, and also the one with the largest number of reported species (H I, O I, C II, Mg I, Fe II, Ca I, Sc I

During the early stages of planetary formation, planets suffer severe changes in their physical and orbital properties due to internal and external forces, which also affect their primary atmospheres. The study of planets at these early stages and its comparison with the already mature planet population is crucial for a better comprehension of

CARMENES is an echelle spectrograph with two arms, one in the visible and one in the infrared, mounted on the 3.5 m telescope in Calar Alto Observatory, Spain. Since 2016, the CARMENES guaranteed observing time program has conducted a radial-velocity survey of 365 M dwarfs in search for planetary companions. However, over the past three years

We report the discovery of TOI-1268b, a transiting Saturn-mass planet from the TESS space mission. With an age of less than 1 Gyr, derived from various age indicators, TOI-1268b is the youngest Saturn-mass planet known to date; it contributes to the small sample of well-characterised young planets. It has an orbital period of P = 8.1577080 ± 0

Laplacian resonant chains — where astronomical bodies are in mean motion resonance with two or more other bodies — are rare phenomena observed in systems such as the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets and the Galilean moons of Jupiter. Laplacian chains are an important tool to study the history of planetary systems occupying this configuration, as the fragility

Small planets with a radius between 1-4 Earth radii are extremely common in the Milky Way but their planetary formation and evolution are not revealed completely. NASA's Kepler space telescope revealed that this population has a bimodal distribution to be consistent with the transition from rocky to non-rocky planets predicted by photoevaporation