Context: Substructures - dark lanes and tails - of umbral dots (UDs) were predicted by numerical simulations of magnetoconvection and have been detected later in some observations. Aims: To provide constraints for realistic theoretical models of sunspot umbrae, we describe the observed properties and evolutionary characteristics of UDs (including

Based on the stellar orbit distribution derived from orbit-superposition Schwarzschild models, we decompose each of 250 representative present-day galaxies into four orbital components: cold with strong rotation, warm with weak rotation, hot with dominant random motion, and counter-rotating (CR). We rebuild the surface brightness (Σ) of each

We present the updated version of the MOVIS-C catalog based on VISTA-VHS DR5 release. The near-infrared colors - (Y-J), (H-Ks), (J-Ks) are provided for 53 447 Solar System objects, thus being the largest set of spectro-photometric data in the near-infrared region. Taxonomic classification based on a probabilistic approach and machine-learning

Observations in different spectral lines give us information about the different layers of the solar atmosphere. Here we analyze the propagation of waves in sunspots from the photosphere to the chromosphere using time series of cospatial Ca II H intensity spectra and polarimetric spectra of Si I 10827 A and He I 10830 A multiplet. From the Doppler

This communication presents a family of spectrographs designed for the European Solar Telescope. They can operate in four different configurations: a long slit standard spectrograph (LsSS), two devices based on subtractive double pass (TUNIS and MSDP) and one based on an integral field, multi-slit, multi-wavelength configuration. The combination of

Results from a new multi-wavelength evolutionary synthesis model including the γ-ray line emission from various radioactive isotopes (26Al, 60Fe) are presented. In particular the predicted γ-ray line observations combined with measurements of ionising fluxes can efficiently constrain the age of a stellar population, and help to identify the primary