An Integral View on Virgo and Field Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies: Late-Type Origin and Environmental Transformations

Rys, A.; Falcón-Barroso, J.; van de Ven, G.
Referencia bibliográfica

American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #221, #111.04

Fecha de publicación:
1
2013
Número de autores
3
Número de autores del IAC
2
Número de citas
1
Número de citas referidas
1
Descripción
Dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) are the most common galaxy class in dense environments. They are also a surprisingly inhomogenous class, which has made it challenging both to relate different dE subtypes to each other, as well as place the whole class in the larger context of galaxy assembly and (trans)formation processes. Here we will show the effects of environmental evolution on Virgo Cluster and field dEs, presenting the first large-scale integral-field spectroscopic (SAURON) data for this galaxy class. Our sample consists of 12 galaxies and no two of them are alike. We find that the level of rotation is not tied to flattening; we observe kinematic twists; we discover large-scale kinematically-decoupled components; we see varying gradients in line-strength maps. This great variety of morphological, kinematic, and stellar population parameters supports the claim that dEs are defunct dwarf spiral/irregular galaxies and points to a formation scenario that allows for a stochastic shaping of galaxy properties. The combined influence of ram-pressure stripping and harassment fulfils this requirement, still, their exact impact is not yet understood. We thus further investigate the properties of our sample by performing a detailed comprehensive analysis of its kinematic, dynamical, and stellar population properties. We infer the total (dark and baryonic) matter distribution by fitting the observed stellar velocity and velocity dispersion with the solutions of the Jeans equations. We obtain 2D age, metallicity, and enrichment information from line-strength analysis. We then tie these results to the galaxies' intrinsic (i.e. deprojected) locations in the cluster with the use of surface-brightness fluctuation distances. This step is essential to providing unbiased correlations with the local environment density. We show that the dark matter fraction, unlike the level of rotational support, appears to correlate with the clustrocentric distance, and that our dwarfs have kinematic properties similar to those of fast-rotating giant early-type galaxies.