TOI-663: A newly discovered multi-planet system with three transiting mini-Neptunes orbiting an early M star

Cointepas, M.; Bouchy, F.; Almenara, J. M.; Bonfils, X.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Knierim, H.; Stalport, M.; Mignon, L.; Grieves, N.; Bean, J.; Brady, M.; Burt, J.; Canto Martins, B. L.; Collins, K. A.; Collins, K. I.; Delfosse, X.; de Medeiros, J. R.; Demory, B. -O.; Dorn, C.; Forveille, T.; Fukui, A.; Gan, T.; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Y.; Halverson, S.; Helled, R.; Helm, I.; Hirano, T.; Horne, K.; Howell, S. B.; Isogai, K.; Kasper, D.; Kawauchi, K.; Livingston, J. H.; Massey, B.; Matson, R. A.; Murgas, F.; Narita, N.; Palle, E.; Relles, H. M.; Sabin, L.; Schanche, N.; Schwarz, R. P.; Seifahrt, A.; Shporer, A.; Stefansson, G.; Sturmer, J.; Tamura, M.; Tan, T. -G.; Twicken, J. D.; Watanabe, N.; Wells, R. D.; Wilkin, F. P.; Ricker, G. R.; Seager, S.; Winn, J. N.; Jenkins, J. M.
Referencia bibliográfica

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Fecha de publicación:
5
2024
Número de autores
56
Número de autores del IAC
4
Número de citas
0
Número de citas referidas
0
Descripción
We present the detection of three exoplanets orbiting the early M dwarf TOI-663 (TIC 54962195; V = 13.7 mag, J = 10.4 mag, R★ = 0.512 ± 0.015 R⊙, M★ = 0.514 ± 0.012 M⊙, d = 64 pc). TOI-663 b, c, and d, with respective radii of 2.27 ± 0.10 R⊕, 2.26 ± 0.10 R⊕, and 1.92 ± 0.13 R⊕ and masses of 4.45 ± 0.65 M⊕, 3.65 ± 0.97 M⊕, and <5.2 M⊕ at 99%, are located just above the radius valley that separates rocky and volatile-rich exoplanets. The planet candidates are identified in two TESS sectors and are validated with ground-based photometric follow-up, precise radial-velocity measurements, and high-resolution imaging. We used the software package juliet to jointly model the photometric and radial-velocity datasets, with Gaussian processes applied to correct for systematics. The three planets discovered in the TOI-663 system are low-mass mini-Neptunes with radii significantly larger than those of rocky analogs, implying that volatiles, such as water, must predominate. In addition to this internal structure analysis, we also performed a dynamical analysis that confirmed the stability of the system. The three exoplanets in the TOI-663 system, similarly to other sub-Neptunes orbiting M dwarfs, have been found to have lower densities than planets of similar sizes orbiting stars of different spectral types.