Temperate Earth-sized exoplanets around late-M dwarfs offer a rare opportunity to explore under which conditions planets can develop hospitable climate conditions. The small stellar radius amplifies the atmospheric transit signature, making even compact secondary atmospheres dominated by N 2 or CO 2 amenable to characterization with existing

Stellar spectral classification has been highly useful in the study of stars. While there is a currently accepted spectral classification system for carbon stars, the subset of hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars has not been well described by such a system, due predominantly to their rarity and their variability. Here we present the first system

We present Spitzer 10-34 $\mu{\rm m}$ spectroscopic observations of the diffuse gas in the inner region of the star-forming region IC 348 of the Perseus Molecular Cloud. We find evidence for the strongest mid-IR bands of common molecules as H 2, OH, H 2O, CO 2, and NH 3 and of several carbonaceous molecules which may play an important role in the

We suggest a method to calculate the probability for the maximum amplitude of Solar Cycle 25 using Bayesian inference. We illustrate this approach with the predictions made by one particular phenomenological model that relates the time interval between termination events of preceding cycles with the amplitude of the next cycle. Our results show

Dwarf galaxies are excellent cosmological probes, because their shallow potential wells make them very sensitive to the key processes that drive galaxy evolution, including baryonic feedback, tidal interactions, and ram pressure stripping. However, some of the key parameters of dwarf galaxies, which help trace the effects of these processes, are

Among the hundreds of known hot Jupiters (HJs), only five have been found to have companions on short-period orbits. Within this rare class of multiple planetary systems, the architecture of WASP-47 is unique, hosting an HJ (planet-b) with both an inner and an outer sub-Neptunian mass companion (-e and -d, respectively) as well as an additional non