The hierarchical assembly of galaxies through mergers is a key channel of galaxy evolution in the ΛCDM cosmological model. Quantifying these ancient transformative accretion events from observations of present day galaxies is a crucial goal of extragalactic archeology. Achieving this goal is challenging as the dominant epoch of galaxy assembly lies

The RNA world hypothesis suggests that early cellular ancestors relied solely on RNA molecules for both genetic information storage and cellular functions. RNA, composed of four nucleosides—adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine—forms the basis of this theory. These nucleosides consist of purine nucleobases, adenine and guanine, and pyrimidine

The age of a star cannot be measured but only inferred from observational quantities related to age. A wellknown stellar age greatly impacts our understanding of evolution on much larger scales, such as exoplanetary systems or the history of the Milky Way. For stars in the red-giant phase, comparison of observations with evolutionary models

The study of distant galaxy groups and clusters at the peak epoch of star formation is limited by the lack of a statistically and homogeneously selected and spectroscopically confirmed sample. Recent discoveries of concentrated starburst activities in cluster cores have opened a new window to hunt for these structures based on their integrated IR

The Gaia-ESO Survey is an European Southern Observatory (ESO) public spectroscopic survey that targeted 10 5 stars in the Milky Way covering the major populations of the disk, bulge and halo. The observations were made using FLAMES on the VLT obtaining both UVES high (R ~ 47 000) and GIRAFFE medium (R ~ 20 000) resolution spectra. The analysis of

By using the GRAVITY instrument with the near-infrared (NIR) Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), the structure of the broad (emission-)line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be spatially resolved, allowing the central black hole (BH) mass to be determined. This work reports new NIR VLTI/GRAVITY interferometric spectra for